Common faults and classifications of CNC machine tools

The host of a CNC machine tool usually refers to the mechanical, lubrication, cooling, chip removal, hydraulic, pneumatic, and protective parts of the CNC machine tool.

The main common faults of the host are:

Mechanical transmission failure caused by mechanical component installation, debugging, improper operation and use, etc.

Failure caused by interference of moving parts such as guide rails, spindles, and excessive friction.

Failures caused by damage to mechanical parts, poor connection, etc., etc.

The main performance of the main engine failure is large transmission noise, poor processing accuracy, large running resistance, failure of mechanical parts to move, damage to mechanical parts and so on. Poor lubrication, pipeline blockage and poor sealing of hydraulic and pneumatic systems are common causes of host failures. Regular maintenance of CNC machine tools, maintenance and eradication of the "three leaks" phenomenon is an important measure to reduce the failure of the host.

Electrical control system failures are generally classified into two categories: "weak current" faults and "strong current" faults based on the types of components used. According to common habits, electrical control system faults are usually divided into two categories.

1. The "weak current" part refers to the control part mainly composed of electronic components and integrated circuits in the control system. The weak current part of CNC machine tools includes CNC, PLC, MDI/CRT and servo drive units, which are output as output units.

Failures can be divided into hardware failures and software failures. Hardware failures refer to the failures of the integrated circuit chips, discrete electronic components, connectors, and external connection components of the above-mentioned parts. Software faults refer to faults such as action errors and data loss that occur under normal hardware conditions. The common ones are: processing program errors, system programs and parameter changes or loss, computer calculation errors, etc.

2. The "strong current" part refers to the main circuit or high-voltage, high-power circuit in the control system relays, contactors, switches, fuses, power transformers, motors, electromagnets, limit switches and other electrical components and their Composition of the control circuit.

Although this part of the fault is more convenient to repair and diagnose, because it is in a high-voltage and high-current working state, the probability of failure is higher than that of the "weak current" part, and it must be paid attention to by maintenance personnel.