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How to troubleshoot problems with CNC machine tool spindles

Time:2021-07-10 Views:171


The axis that drives the workpiece or tool to rotate on the machine tool is called the airport spindle. The machine tool spindle is generally composed of bearings, spindles, transmission parts (gears or pulleys) and so on.

In our actual applications, there are two types of high-speed spindles. One is a high-speed electric spindle with zero transmission. This type of spindle adopts an integrated structure of motor and machine tool spindle, and has precise dynamic balance correction. Therefore, it has good rotation accuracy and stability, but it also limits the output torque and power.

The other is a spindle that combines a variable frequency spindle motor and a mechanical speed change mechanism. The output power and torque of this type of spindle is much larger than that of other types, but there are gains and losses, and its accuracy and stability are much worse. Therefore, for this type of spindle, how to treat the machine tool spindle and its The correct design of components has a great influence on the machining accuracy of the machine tool.

1 The spindle does not have a frequency converter, and the spindle does not rotate

If it is suspected to be a mechanical transmission failure, we need to check whether the transmission belt is broken or whether the machine tool is in neutral;

If it is suspected that the three-phase power supply to the spindle is lacking phase or reverse phase, we need to check the power supply and exchange any two power lines;

If it is suspected that the circuit connection is wrong, we need to carefully refer to the circuit connection manual to ensure that the connection is correct;

If the system has no corresponding spindle control signal output, we can use a multimeter to measure the signal output of the system. If there is no spindle control signal output, we need to replace the relevant IC components or directly return to the factory for repair.

If the system has corresponding spindle control signal output, but the power supply line and control signal output line are open or the components are damaged, then we can use a multimeter to check whether the power supply and signal control circuit between the system and the spindle motor is open Happening. Check whether the contacts between the wires are in poor contact; whether the AC contactor and DC relay are damaged; check whether the thermal relay is over-current; check whether the fuse is burned, etc.

2 The main shaft has a frequency converter, and the main shaft does not rotate

If it is suspected to be a mechanical transmission failure, we need to check whether the transmission belt is broken or whether the machine tool is in neutral gear.

If it is suspected that the three-phase power supply to the spindle is lacking phase or reverse phase, we need to check the power supply and exchange any two power lines.

If the inverter control parameters of the CNC system are not turned on, we need to consult the system manual to learn about the inverter parameters and change them.

If the line connection between the system and the inverter is wrong, we can refer to the connection manual of the system and the inverter to ensure that the connection is correct.

If the analog voltage output is abnormal, we can use a multimeter to check whether the analog voltage output by the system is normal, check whether the analog voltage signal line is connected correctly or poorly, and whether the analog voltage received by the inverter matches.

If the power control part is broken or the components are damaged, we can check whether the connection of the contacts of the main shaft power supply line is reliable, whether the line is broken, whether the DC relay is damaged, whether the fuse is burned out, and other related conditions.

If the inverter parameters are not adjusted properly, then our inverter contains a variety of control methods, including inverter panel control spindle mode, NC system control spindle mode, etc. If the NC system control mode is not selected, then We cannot use the system to control the spindle, modify this parameter; check whether the relevant parameter settings are reasonable.


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