Skills of using economical CNC lathes

     At present, economical CNC lathes are widely used. Its price is low, and the numerical control system is relatively reliable. It overcomes the shortcomings in use and exerts its advantages to achieve better economic benefits. Now I will introduce some skills obtained in use to everyone for reference.

1. Tool installation

　　 The system software of economical CNC lathes usually has a tool compensation function. In order to facilitate the trial cutting and determine the relative position of the tool, after compiling the tool compensation program, it is still required that all the tool tips on the rotary tool post are basically at the same position and slightly higher than the spindle center. In order to quickly clamp the tools required to process the same part, follow the steps below.

　　 (1) Input such a program to the control system-after the tool post is retracted by a length in the longitudinal direction, the rotary tool post is rotated through a station and then longitudinally feeds the length of the retraction, and returns to the original position.

(2) Clamp a center on the three-jaw chuck.

(3) Use jog or manual methods to place the rotary tool post in a position where the first tool can be clamped, and install the tool as required, so that the tip of the tool coincides with the tip of the center, and is slightly higher than 0.2-0.5mm.

(4) Start the system and make the tool post run according to the input program. After installation, the next tool can be installed one by one.

　 2. Axial positioning of parts

When processing parts in batches, the program and origin do not need to be changed, but the parts clamped are required to be in the same position each time. This can be done accurately using the following methods.

(1) A cone plug is installed in the cone hole of the spindle, and there is an adjustable screw in the center of the cone plug.

(2) Keep the workpiece and the screw tightly attached each time it is clamped. In this way, it can be ensured that the same parts are clamped in the same position.

(3) Adjust the length of the screw to adapt to the required position of different parts.

　Three, cleverly program, avoid losing step

　　 We know that when the stepper motor starts, the torque is small, and the rated torque is gradually reached after the speed increases. If when we program, the stepper motor enters (or very soon) strong cutting immediately after starting, then the motor torque may be less than the cutting torque and "out of step", resulting in unqualified or scrapped parts. Repeated use of such a program, due to "out of step", the position of the origin will also change, making the processed batch parts unqualified or scrapped. Therefore, the starting characteristics of the stepper motor should be considered when programming, and the tool enters the cutting state after the stepper motor reaches the rated speed. According to our experience, let the tool post run 6mm without load before entering the cutting, there has been no "out of step" phenomenon.

    Four, clever programming to avoid tool wear errors

We know that a newly ground tool wears irregularly and quickly when the parts are first processed. After processing a small batch of parts, it enters a stable state. Therefore, when processing parts with a new tool, the processed parts should be Check one by one. For small and medium shaft parts, it takes about 4 to 5 pieces to enter the stable state of the tool. At this time, the wear of the tool is basically proportional to the number of parts processed. As long as the program is cleverly programmed and the compensation of the tool is added, the quality of the parts processed in batches can be guaranteed.